To study combustion in which air and fuel are “non-premixed,” with fuel and air separated, scientists have modeled an ethylene-air flame in which the ethylene jet emerges from a slot surrounded by a co-flow of preheated air. In this visualization, massless tracer particles are added to isolate the reaction-diffusion processes.

Jacqueline H. Chen, Kwan-Liu Ma, Hongfeng Yu, Ray W. Grout, Chaoli Wang, Chun Sang Yoo, Edward Richardson, Ramanan Sankaran